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The Honours Committee is a committee within the Cabinet Office of the Government of the United Kingdom formed to review nominations for national honours for merit, exceptional achievement or service. Twice yearly the Honour Committee submits formal recommendations for the British monarch's New Years and Birthday Honours. Members of the Honours Committee—which comprises a main committee and nine subcommittees in speciality areas—research and vet nominations for national awards, including knighthoods and the Order of the British Empire.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/372535/Honours-further-particulars-Nov-14.pdf )〕 ==History== (詳細はÆthelstan, King of the English in the 10th century, was knighted by his grandfather, Alfred the Great. Knighthoods were originally conferred as a military honour, often on the battlefield. Later it became customary for only the reigning monarch to bestow the honour.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/Knighthoods.aspx )〕 Other honours beyond knighthood were later established, including the Order of the Bath in 1725. In the 20th century, the "Ceremonial Branch" of the government was created in 1937 with the sole purpose of overseeing the honours system. In 2001, the committee became officially known as the Ceremonial Honours and Appointments Secretariat.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20060214110429/honours.gov.uk/about/index.asp )〕 Since 1993, members of the public have been eligible to nominate individuals;〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nidirect.gov.uk/the-honours-nomination-process-explained )〕 government agencies may also formally put forward candidates. All citizens of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth nations can be nominated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/Honoursnomination.aspx )〕 Following his retirement as Permanent Secretary to the Lord Chancellor's Office, Sir Hayden Phillips prepared a report in July 2004 to the Cabinet Secretary suggesting a reform of the current honours nomination system. The next year, following recommendations made in Phillips' report, a new system of eight committees was organised, with each committee focussing on a special area. (In 2012, an additional committee was added.)〔 The committees are composed of senior civil servants and independent experts in specific fields.〔 The majority of the honours committees are non-civil servants.〔 Each subcommittee oversees nominations for its specialised area: Arts and Media; Community, Voluntary and Local Services; Economy; Education; Health; Parliamentary and Political Service; Science and Technology; Sport; and State.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.gov.uk/honours-committees )〕 The individual committees assess the nominations and pass the nominations to the Main Honours Committee, whose members select the final list of nominations that are passed to the Queen by the Prime Minister.〔 Following the Cash for Honours scandal, the Main Honours Committee is required to determine that an individual's nomination for an honour has not been influenced by campaign and political contributions. According to the Cabinet Office's 2011 report, "The Main Honours Committee must satisfy itself that a party political donation has not influenced the decision to award an honour in any way; the committee must be confident that the candidate would have been a meritorious recipient of an honour if he or she had not made a political donation."〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/61213/Second_report_on_operation_of_the_reformed_honours_system.pdf )〕 The Cabinet's Honours Committee nominates civilians only; military honours, such as the Victoria Cross and the George Cross, are sent to the Queen by the Honours and Decorations Committee of the Ministry of Defence.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/ArmedForces/MilitaryHonoursandAwards/MilitaryHonoursandAwards.aspx )〕 The honours committee also does not make nominations for peerages, which are created directly by the monarch. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Honours Committee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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